The New Trumpet

various artists compilation - The New Trumpet

Sonata for Trumpet & Piano (1955) by Peter Maxwell Davies

Performers: Gerard Schwarz - trumpet; Ursula Oppens - piano

Space is a Diamond (1970) by Lucia Dlugoszewski

for solo trumpet

Performer: Gerard Schwarz

Passages 13-The Fire (1970-71) by William Hellermann

for trumpet & tape

Performers: Gerard Schwarz - trumpet; Jacqueline Hellermann, Marsha Immanuel, Michael O'Brien, John P. Thomas - voices

tape realized at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center

text, "The Fire, Passages 13" is from Bending the Bow by Robert Duncan; This poem was first published in Poetry, April-May 1965.

Most of our modern instruments have antecedents reaching far back into antiquity, and the trumpet is no exception. Space does not allow discussion of whether or not the ancient Roman lituus or the much more recent cornetto or Zink are true ancestors of the modern trumpet, and it is better to limit our concentration to the simple narrow cylindrical tube of metal with a bell and a cup-shaped mouthpiece that the instrument essentially still is. This natural trumpet, without side-holes or valves, is capable of a simple overtone series; in this form, it is only in the upper partials that it becomes possible to produce the full scale. In the Baroque period a school of trumpet-playing developed using this portion of the instrument, but players equipped with sufficient lip and lung power to master this style were naturally somewhat rare. In Bach's time trumpet players were the prized athletes of the instrumental ensemble; highly-paid itinerants for the most part, they were called upon to add brilliance to ceremonial musical events. By 1750, however, with the rise of larger ensembles and the cult of the musical amateur, players capable of high, florid passage-work grew scarce, and the most common brass-writing of the Classical period was rather primitive tonic-and-dominant orchestral accentuation.

In the mid-19th century, the recently-invented valve-trumpet (actually at first a cornet) began to come into general use. This was, in practically every sense, a "new trumpet: whereas the earlier methods of varying the fundamental of the overtone series, thus the key, of the old trumpet - either to insert lengths of tubing ("crooks") into it, or to employ a slide-mechanism, like the trombone - were relatively cumbersome, the new trumpet was able, through valves, to open and close various lengths of tubing very quickly. Thus it became a totally chromatic and agile instrument throughout its practical range. The trumpet we possess today, like so many of our current orchestral instruments, is merely a refined and standardized version of the result of that incredibly active period of technological advance in instrument-building, the first half of the 19th century. To this new instrument has been added, much more recently an assortment of mutes: besides the common, centuries-old "straight" mute, the player now has as resource the Harmon mute, the plunger mute, the cup mute, the Solotone mute, the whisper mute, and other devices inserted into (or held against) the bell of the instrument for timbral variation. Many of the above were used principally in American popular music and jazz, and it is only recently, with the renascence of the trumpet virtuoso and the serious composer's growing interest in timbre as a compositional element, that the vast resources of the modern trumpet are beginning to be explored exhaustively in new music.

While not employing the various trumpet mutes, Peter Maxwell Davies' early Sonata forcefully demonstrates the advances in sheer playing technique in the last decades. With Lucia Dlugoszewski's Space is a Diamond, we enter a new sound-world. The trumpet suddenly has become a four-and-a-half-octave instrument: in its new incarnation, with the use of several mutes, unusual tonguing techniques, high, swooping glissandos, and simultaneous playing and singing through the mouthpiece, an instrument emerges capable, in the composer's words, of "gusts of delicate rain" and "violent plateaus," of "pure transparency, tenderness, nakedness, and radiance." Passages 13-The Fire, by William Hellermann, adds electronic sounds and spoken sound-modified text to the "new trumpet"; here, half-valving is prominent in the panoply of effects, but, most remarkably, the work exudes an air of great pathos, aided in this by the trumpet's quotation of a plainsong sequence (by Hermannus Contractus), Alma redemptoris Mater, near its end. Both the Dlugoszewski and Hellermann works were written especially for Gerard Schwarz. (William Bolcom from the liner notes)

Tracklisting:

Side One

1. Peter Maxwell Davies - Sonata for Trumpet & Piano: Allegro moderato {1:46}

2. Peter Maxwell Davies - Sonata for Trumpet & Piano: Lento {2:54}

3. Peter Maxwell Davies - Sonata for Trumpet & Piano: Allegro vivo {2:13}

4. Lucia Dlugoszewski - Space is a Diamond {10:28}

Side Two

1. William Hellermann - Passages 13-The Fire {25:09}

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