Master Musician of India

Ustad Ali Akbar Khan - Master Musician of India

released on LP in 1966

The title of Chandranandan alludes to the Hindi words "chandra" (moon) and "nandan" (son). Accordingly, it is evening music, and introspective rather than romantic. After the briefest possible alap the basic rhythmic pattern of sixteen beats (teental) is set by the tabla. This particular performance unfolds first in vilambit laya (slow rhythm), gaining momentum with the ensuing madhya laya (moderate rhythm), then breaking into drut laya (fast rhythm). An unusual feature here, beginning about three-quarters of an inch from the end of the side, is the yugal-bandi ("yugal", concert; "bandi", a sort of contest) or question-and-answer exchange in which the sarodist and tabla player "talk" to each other, the latter replying to the former in precisely the same "words", mutatis mutandis. Not once in the heat of this episode do the artists traduce the fundamental teental; the "questions" are exactly eight beats long and the "answers" begin on the ninth beat and end on the sixteenth. Nor does this fidelity to the rhythm waver in the ati-drut (very fast) peroration, which readers such an overwhelming climax that one of the invited guests at the recording session could not forebear from applause despite a strict injunction. The engineers could not edit out the spontaneous first moment of this reaction without doing violence to the recording., and so it is still there to be heard, at the very end of the side.
The word "Gauri" is a proper female name; the prototype was the wife of none less than Lord Shiva, the Hindu deity who was among other things god of the arts. The word "manjari" means flower petals.Gauri Manjari, then, one may take to be an artist's offering to his muse. Properly under these circumstances, it is not one of the thrice-familiar ragas. It is in fact one of the aprachalit ones - "unpopular" is the translation but in the sense that it is relatively new and known only to Ali Akbar Khan's audiences. Being without benefit of tabla, this recorded performance seems to be all alap. In truth it is a complete but compact ragini. There is no rhythmic pattern, but in the absence of beats there is a clearly defined pulse and a feeling of laya (which alludes to bar-lines; the teental units on the overside contain four layas each). When this pulse quickens, about one inch in on the side, we are in the jor, corresponding very roughly to what we would call the development section. Less than another inch later we are precipitated into the concluding jhala, which emphasizes overtones and Beethoven-like patterns of repeated notes and dazzling pyrotechnics all contained within the compass of the ragini as initially stated by the composer-performer.  (James Lyons from the liner notes)

Chandranandan and Gauri Manjari are both raginis (female). The playing time for Chandranandan is between 8 P.M. and 3 A.M. It has three expressions of human feelings (rasas); they are Karuna (pathos), Bhakti (devotion), and Sringara (love). In the beginning, the melody creates the pathetic emotion, and then leads to the expression of devotion. When the Bhakti or devotion is settled and established in the tune, then through a change of notes, but maintaining the same ragini, it takes us into the feeling of love. And that is Sringara. This Sringara rasa is not bound by the carnal desires. It is a love which is based above that; the love which comes through the pains of life and the devotion of life.
Gauri Manjari is composed of Bhakti (devotion), Karuna (pathos), and Vir rasa (the rasa of strength), mixed with very little Sringara. The time for this music is between 9 P.M. and 2 A.M. Gauri Manjari begins with a feeling of uneasiness of mind, and then, gradually, the rasas will bring the other feelings one by one, and end in the notes of happiness.
These two raginis took several years to compose. They are my original creations. I have taken the characteristics of many ragas and raginis and mixed them, and created a new color and character. This is the final shape and expression of the tunes.  (Ustad Ali Akbar Khan)

Tracklisting:

Side 1

1.  Raga Chandranandan  {21:28}
Ustad Ali Akbar Khan - sarod ; Pandit Mahapurush Misra - tabla ; Anila Sinha - tanpura

Side 2

1.  Raga Gauri Manjari  {19:07}
Ustad Ali Akbar Khan - sarod ; Anila Sinha - tanpura

(1) or (1)